Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (2024)

Introduction

For more than a decade, NASA’s Cassini spacecraft shared the wonders of Saturn and its family of icy moons—taking us to astounding worlds where methane rivers run to a methane sea and where jets of ice and gas are blasting material into space from a liquid water ocean that might harbor the ingredients for life.

  • 10 Things: Unsolved Mysteries of Saturn's Moons

  • The Moon with the Plume

Cassini revealed in great detail the true wonders of Saturn, a giant world ruled by raging storms and delicate harmonies of gravity.

Cassini carried a passenger to the Saturn system, the European Huygens probe—the first human-made object to land on a world in the distant outer solar system.

After 20 years in space — 13 of those years exploring Saturn — Cassini exhausted its fuel supply. And so, to protect moons of Saturn that could have conditions suitable for life, Cassini was sent on a daring final mission that would seal its fate. After a series of nearly two dozen nail-biting dives between the planet and its icy rings, Cassini plunged into Saturn’s atmosphere on Sept. 15, 2017, returning science data to the very end.

10 Ways Cassini Mattered

10 Ways Cassini Mattered

1

Cassini-Huygens was a mission of firsts. First to orbit Saturn. First landing in the outer solar system. First to sample an extraterrestrial ocean.

2

Cassini expanded our understanding of the kinds of worlds where life might exist.

3

Cassini-Huygens revealed Titan to be one of the most Earth-like worlds we’ve encountered and shed light on the history of our home planet.

4

Cassini was, in a sense, a time machine. It revealed the processes that likely shaped the development of our solar system.

5

Cassini’s long mission enabled us to observe weather and seasonal changes on another planet.

6

Cassini revealed Saturn’s moons to be unique worlds with their own stories to tell.

7

Cassini showed us the complexity of Saturn’s rings and the dramatic processes operating within them.

8

What Cassini found at Saturn prompted scientists to rethink their understanding of the solar system.

9

Cassini represented a staggering achievement of human and technical complexity, finding innovative ways to use the spacecraft.

10

Cassini revealed the beauty of Saturn, its rings and moons, inspiring our sense of wonder.

Notable Explorers

Notable Explorers

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (3)

Xianzhe Jia

Scientist

"Cassini is such a fantastic mission. It not only acquired a wealth of data that led to numerous discoveries, but also raised a new generation of planetary scientists, including myself."

More about Xianzhe Jia

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (4)

Todd J. Barber

Propulsion Engineer

I think making tons of money is overrated if you're not actively psyched about what you get to do all day. Passion drives me, it fuels me, and it's what matters most to me.

More about Todd J. Barber

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (5)

Sarah Milkovich

Planetary Geologist and Science Systems Engineer

"Be curious about everything -- take every opportunity that presents itself to learn new things."

More about Sarah Milkovich

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (6)

Rosaly Lopes

Senior Research Scientist

"Study hard and do what you love, then it doesn't feel like work."

More about Rosaly Lopes

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Robert (Bob) Pappalardo

Europa Mission Project Scientist

"The most exciting moments are the 'aha moments' when a scientific problem that you've been wrestling with suddenly falls into place and begins to make sense."

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (8)

Robert Mitchell

Retired Program Manager

"The Ranger missions looked a lot more exciting to me than what I was doing at the time, and so I sent my resume off to JPL. I've been here ever since."

More about Robert Mitchell

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (9)

Richard "Rick" Grammier (1955 - 2011)

Former Director for Solar System Exploration

"His spirit will continue to inspire us as we continue our quest to understand the Universe."

More about Richard "Rick" Grammier (1955 - 2011)

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Rachel Mastrapa

Research Scientist

"Science and math are part natural gifts and part practice. You don't have to be a genius to be successful."

More about Rachel Mastrapa

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (11)

Phillips Phil Davis

Web Producer

Ask lots of questions. Be persistent. And never stop exploring your options.

More about Phillips Phil Davis

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Morgan Cable

Research Scientist

“It’s hard to say no when interesting things come up.”

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Michele Dougherty

Principal Investigator, Magnetometer Instrument, Cassini Mission

"There will be times when you don't think you are doing the right thing, but don't make any hasty decisions. Just hang on in there."

More about Michele Dougherty

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (14)

Michael Staab

Mission Operations Engineer

"STEM is, by far, the coolest field to get into. We fly spacecraft around other planets; how much better can it get?"

More about Michael Staab

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Kathleen Mandt

Planetary Scientist

"Because I took such a non-traditional path, I hope to serve as an example to others who may feel that they are too old to go after their dreams."

More about Kathleen Mandt

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Julie Castillo-Rogez

Planetary Geophysicist

"My first personal connection with outer space occurred during the arrival of Voyager 2 at Neptune."

More about Julie Castillo-Rogez

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (17)

Joseph Hunt

Mars Odyssey and NEOWISE Project Manager

"I’m project manager for NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter, and I also work on the NEOWISE project."

More about Joseph Hunt

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Jonathan Lunine

Scientist

No human had ever seen this landscape before. And for a period of maybe 20 minutes, half hour, we were the only ones to see this alien world.

More about Jonathan Lunine

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Joan Stupik

Engineer

I'm really excited to be a part of the spacecraft that will be learning about a place where scientists think there could be some form of life.

More about Joan Stupik

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (20)

Jeffrey Cuzzi

Research Scientist

"Stay close to subjects that fascinate you personally, but also ask why is the subject important."

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Janelle Ivy Wellons

Flight Engineer

"Believe in yourself fully and unconditionally so that when an opportunity presents itself, you never hesitate to take it."

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Elizabeth "Zibi" Turtle

Scientist

Just because it isn't always easy doesn't mean you can't do it and do it well.

More about Elizabeth "Zibi" Turtle

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (23)

Dr. Bonnie Buratti

Deputy Project Scientist, Europa Clipper Mission

"When I was a little girl Sputnik was launched, and I was instantly drawn into the whole miracle of spaceflight and exploring the cosmos."

More about Dr. Bonnie Buratti

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (24)

David Doody

Flight Operations Lead Engineer

"To be able now to work on projects that are flying to the planets has been really a dream."

More about David Doody

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (25)

Curt Niebur

Program Scientist

Having a dream is a must. Having a plan is an excellent idea, but you also have to be willing to jump at unexpected opportunities.

More about Curt Niebur

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Claudia Alexander (1959-2015)

Scientist

"Science and math are fascinating and fundamental. They require as much discipline as an athlete working to be a football player, or a musician attempting to land a recording contract."

More about Claudia Alexander (1959-2015)

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (27)

Catherine Neish

Assistant Professor

"I'm an explorer at heart. I love to explore new worlds, whether in our solar system, or here on Earth."

More about Catherine Neish

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (28)

Candice Hansen

Scientist

Study lots of math. Math is the language of science.

More about Candice Hansen

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (29)

Brent Buffington

Engineer

I never had this overwhelming fascination with space — rather, I just slowly gravitated toward it.

More about Brent Buffington

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (30)

Bobak Ferdowsi

Systems Engineer

"The great thing about being at NASA is that there are jobs for all types—whether it's engineering, science, finance, communication, law."

More about Bobak Ferdowsi

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (31)

Amy Simon

Planetary Scientist

"Sometimes you have to tackle a problem from many different ways to understand it and you should never be afraid to ask for help."

More about Amy Simon

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (32)

Alice Wessen

Public Engagement Manager

"Passion and tenacity, coupled with patience and humor. All will serve you well regardless of what you do."

More about Alice Wessen

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (33)

Albert "Joey" Jefferson

Flight Systems Engineer

"The wonderful part of working at JPL is that perfection isn't expected; however, progression is expected."

More about Albert "Joey" Jefferson

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (34)

Abi Rymer

Scientist

Most of my heroes have succeeded against the odds in some way.

More about Abi Rymer

Xianzhe Jia

Scientist

"Cassini is such a fantastic mission. It not only acquired a wealth of data that led to numerous discoveries, but also raised a new generation of planetary scientists, including myself."

More about Xianzhe Jia

Quick Facts

Quick Facts

2.5 million commands executed

4.9 billion miles traveled since launch (7.9 billion kilometers)

635 GB science data collected

~4,000 science papers published

6 named moons discovered

294 orbits completed

162 targeted flybys of Saturn's moons

453,048 images taken

27 nations participated

360 engine burns completed

What's Next?

What’s Next?

Before the mission ended, Cassini was an already powerful influence on future exploration. In revealing that Enceladus has essentially all the ingredients needed for life, the mission energized a pivot to the exploration of "ocean worlds" that has been sweeping planetary science over the past couple of decades.

Lessons learned during Cassini's mission are being applied in planning NASA's Europa Clipper mission, planned for launch in the 2020s. Europa Clipper will make dozens of flybys of Jupiter's ocean moon to investigate its possible habitability, using an orbital tour design derived from the way Cassini explored Saturn.

Farther out in the solar system, scientists have long had their eyes set on exploring Uranus and Neptune. So far, each of these worlds has been visited by only one brief spacecraft flyby (Voyager 2, in 1986 and 1989, respectively). Collectively, Uranus and Neptune are referred to as ice giant planets. A variety of potential mission concepts are discussed in a recently completed study, delivered to NASA in preparation for the next Decadal Survey—including orbiters, flybys, and probes that would dive into Uranus' atmosphere to study its composition. Future missions to the ice giants might explore those worlds using an approach similar to Cassini's mission.

Read More ›

Raw Images

Explore the full archive of raw images collected by the Cassini mission from 2004 to 2017.

More to Explore

  • Graphics

    Illustrations, artwork and infographics that reveal the inner workings of the Cassini mission.

  • Hall of Fame

    Cassini has returned thousands of great images. These are the best of the best.

  • Videos

    Data-driven science visualizations and captivating digital animations.

More Resources

More Resources

Cassini End-of-Mission Press Kit

Cassini-Huygens Saturn Arrival Press Kit

Cassini Launch Press Kit

Planetary Data System (search for Cassini for all available data)

NASA Planetary Photojournal: Cassini-Huygens

Overview | Cassini – NASA Solar System Exploration (2024)
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